Comparative Analysis of Lifestyle and Physical Activity Motivation Among Urban and Rural Adults in Indonesia
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Changes in lifestyle driven by technological development, urbanization, and modernization have significantly influenced physical activity levels. Urban communities tend to adopt more sedentary lifestyles compared to rural communities, which still engage in more physical activity in daily life. These environmental differences are expected to affect motivation for physical activity among adults. This study aimed to examine differences in lifestyle and physical activity motivation between urban and rural communities based on place of residence. A quantitative comparative method was employed involving 100 respondents, consisting of 50 urban residents and 50 rural residents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using lifestyle and physical activity motivation questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and Independent Samples t-tests. The results showed that rural communities demonstrated higher active lifestyle scores (M = 76.82, SD = 6.48) and physical activity motivation scores (M = 78.96, SD = 7.12) than urban communities (M = 68.24, SD = 7.15; M = 72.54, SD = 6.84, respectively). Independent Samples t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in physical activity motivation between urban and rural adults, t(98) = -4.596, p < 0.001, with a mean difference of 6.42 points. Furthermore, the effect size analysis indicated a large practical effect (Cohen's d = 0.92), suggesting that place of residence substantially influences physical activity motivation. Higher motivation among rural residents was associated with more active daily routines, supportive social environments, and occupations requiring greater physical effort. In contrast, urban residents tended to exhibit lower physical activity motivation due to sedentary work patterns, greater technology use, and dependence on motorized transportation. In conclusion, place of residence plays an important role in shaping adults’ physical activity motivation, highlighting the need for context-specific and sustainable intervention programs to promote public health.
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